Italy presents significant legal challenges for same-sex couples, particularly in the areas of marriage, adoption, and surrogacy. While civil unions provide some legal rights, they do not offer the full recognition or protections of marriage, especially regarding joint adoption. Surrogacy is strictly prohibited, with recent laws even criminalizing Italians who seek surrogacy abroad. For American same-sex couples considering Italian citizenship, it's crucial to understand these limitations before proceeding. Italy's legal landscape remains restrictive, and the fight for equal rights continues amidst a backdrop of conservative resistance.

In the ongoing debate surrounding Italy's citizenship laws, the proposed Bill 752 has emerged as a contentious point of discussion. Introduced by Roberto Menica in June 2023, this bill has stirred significant controversy and political maneuvering.

There has been a new ruling from the Cassation Court (Italian Supreme Court), one of the highest courts in Italy, (Decision 17161 of June 15, 2023) that could affect huge numbers of people seeking citizenship by descent, both through courts and administrative lines through consulates/comuni.